Region III Comprehensive Center George Washington University
Region III Comprehensive Center

School Reform and Improvement

Center for Equity and Excellence in Education

Research and Best Practices in School Reform and Improvement  

Finding Time for Professional Development: Voices From the Field

Emily Crandall, Research Scientist
George Washington University
Center for Equity and Excellence in Education
Region III Comprehensive Center

 

The Dilemma

Professional development can be defined as "an opportunity offered to educators to develop new knowledge, skills, approaches and dispositions to improve their effectiveness in classrooms and organizations" (Loucks-Horsley, Hewson, Love, Stiles 1998).


The importance of and value related to creating professional development opportunities cannot be overemphasized. The best way and time to support learning can be elusive, challenging and demanding. Comprehensive school reform requires creative adjustments and effective approaches that correlate with varied organizational structures, roles, responsibilities, and especially attitudinal sets of school communities.

The Challenge

A conference presentation was developed to describe how school staff might find time to transform professional development approaches.

Several administrators in Ohio and Pennsylvania responded to a survey that requested that they list ways and/or times that they have designed or provided professional development opportunities for staff. These responses might play a role in informing the process and content techniques that augment effective approaches.

The Response:
Strategies and Examples

Substitute Teacher Use

Stipends

Common Time Blocks

Training/Compensatory Sessions

Teacher Collaborative Planning

Creating Staff Time

Substitute Teacher Use

 

1. Substitute teachers are provided so that teachers can visit each other or have time to visit outside of the building.
2. In-class demonstration with other teachers of the same grade level use substitutes and special assembly programs where teachers can see their students learning in a different way.
3. Seven substitutes rotate the grades and classrooms for an hour so that each grade group can meet.
4. Grant monies are used to supply a "Sub for a day" so that the arts specialists and core teachers can collaborate on academic projects.
5. "Roaming Subs" are available throughout the day for
availability to teachers.
6. Substitutes are hired to cover classes while teachers have individual time with consultants.

Stipends

 

1. Saturday "Breakfast and Learn" workshops with pay are given .
2. Monthly after school workshops are held.
3. "What's in it for me?" (WIIFM) convenes on Saturday or after school.
4. Each grade is given a one hour per month time for a paid grade meeting.
5. An hourly rate is paid to staff to remain after school for meetings.
6. A stipend or a professional day is given to a teacher with a substitute.
7. Grade-level meetings are arranged before and after school (with stipend).
8. Twenty-four hour retreat blitzes are planned with a stipend.
9. Summer workshops with either college credit or stipends are offered.

Common Time Blocks

 

1. In-school conversation time that supports student learning is allotted.
2. "Turn Around Training" from workshops is shared with staff members.
3. Part of each faculty/staff meeting is used for professional development.
4. "Restructure Day" is held to allow release time for selected teacher training.
5. Cooperative/collaborative planning time is established for specific workshops.
6. In-class demonstration lessons are scheduled for specific grade groups.
7. District in-service and monthly professional development meetings are held.
8. Departments meet and share materials and information by arranging back-to-back planning and lunch periods to allow for longer planning time.
9. Combined planning teams use a consultant to work with each team and personal time is given to those who need it.
10. Grade level one hour per month is given for group meetings (paid and unpaid).
11. Staff use substitutes for monthly "outside visits" by grade groups.
12. Cooperative planning time is designed for workshops on a specific topic identified by a team and supported by team members
13. Reading specialists devise a common time block schedule to share strategies monthly.
14. School improvement teams meet monthly to share information and provide feedback to staff.
15. Staff meetings use common meeting sessions for grade-level groups.
16. Staff use middle school format and set aside one team planning session.

Training/
Compensatory
Sessions

 

1. Budgets are provided for staff attendance at conferences and/or for university classes with reimbursements for recertification.
2. Saturday "Breakfasts and Learn" workshops with stipends are used..
3. On-site staff developer/coordinator works with grade levels for entire year and moves with the levels in order to provide continuity.
4. Needs assessment inquiry is used to plan meaningful staff development sessions. Allotments are made for highest priority tasks.
5. One hour per month is given for paid grade level meetings.
6. Budget items are planned for conferences, training sessions, etc.
7. An hourly rate is paid in order for staff to meet after school.
8. District pays for CSRD training as part of the in-service development program.
9. Free college courses are offered through scheduled funding.
10. "Time Banks" are established and used for teacher compensatory schedules.
11. Monthly professional development meetings are used for re-certification courses.
12. Rotating schedules are designed for compensation in lieu of cash.
13. School steering committees provide in-service training and receive time for service rendered.
14. Districts lengthen the school day to provide in-service for teachers and compensate teachers for time.
15. Alternative sessions designed to free teachers for professional development include: service learning, internships, community service, hobby day, blocks of time for successive days of the week, and so on.

Teacher Collaborative Planning

 

1. Teachers cover classes on personal planning time on a rotational basis in order to allow colleagues to engage in staff development tasks.
2. Teachers coach each other as a community of learners. They make decisions regarding session structure.
3. Teachers identify specific areas of professional development and use "Brown Bag" lunch sessions to meet.
4. Parent Educational Teams are trained in collaborative sessions. They substitute so that teachers can engage in professional development.
5. Teacher aides are trained to collaborate with teachers and carry out project portions of lesson plans in order to free teachers for staff development sessions.
6. Teachers meet in informal sessions during assemblies or other planned student activities. Students' work or study groups may be used as a focus of the session.
7. Informal action-research is conducted during planning periods. Extra time is given.
8.Team teaching departmentally allows colleagues to be free for conferences, workshops, courses, etc.
9. Reading specialists and other itinerant staff persons are used to free teachers for training.
10. Reciprocal time is allotted as in-kind services.
11. Careful listening in informal situations help provide unity and alleviate time spent arguing; thus, resulting in productive meetings. The principal/leader provides the validation and ownership to promote this unity.
12. Workshops, seminars, courses, institutes are planned by teachers and grant money is used to sponsor these events.
13. Mentoring is used as a resource to improve teaching. Videotapes are purchased by the school for professional development/ use.
14. Technological "showings" are identified using teacher input and time.
15. Reflection time is given to teachers to identify sessions based on actual needs.. Continuous development is applied thematically to help stimulate ideas for creating professional development time.
Creating Staff Time

1. The focus of all staff meetings is on "Teaching and Learning". Other information is given through memoranda.
2. "Reward Days" are given for student activities and provided by support staff members, parents, or partnerships. Teachers are free to reflect and work together.
3. Flex periods are sometimes used to free teachers for staff development activities.
4. Staff retreats are used for long-term planning and prioritizing goals.
5. Lunch and planning periods are paired to give more time for staff planning.
6. Summer workshops yielding college credit or re-certification credit are given.
7. "Book Talks/Book Clubs" are established to help staff learn the basics of an area of need/study.
8. Visits, pairings, partnerships are established for coaching and mentoring.